People of all ages, genders, ethnicities, and socioeconomic backgrounds can have autism spectrum disorders. The spectrum is wide and encompassing; some people think of it as a wheel of severity that outlines one's symptoms and emotions. Like neurotypical people, those on the spectrum are unique with their strengths, weaknesses, and experiences. Some people may require constant and significant support daily, while others are entirely independent. Many individuals with ASD also have co-occurring conditions such as anxiety disorders, intellectual disabilities, ADHD, sensory processing concerns, and, in some cases, epilepsy.

The diagnostic criteria for ASD have evolved. It changed and expanded the understanding of what constitutes autism, and this has led to a broader recognition of different ways ASD can manifest. The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) defines autism as persistent deficiencies in social communication and social interactions, repetitive behaviors, activities, or interests; along with symptoms that affect one's work, school, and other important areas. With such an inclusive definition, it's no wonder it is hard to pinpoint the beginning and the end. Some disorders on the spectrum are Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD–classic autism), Hyperlexia, Asperger Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD).

To reel in the spectrum, the DSM-5 has created three levels that a diagnosis should fall under to better aid in the appropriate treatment. Do keep in mind that people on the spectrum can fall under multiple levels and will have a mixture of personality traits; these levels should not be solely considered because they could lead to neglect and recession in some areas and affect the overall outcome of the proposed treatment plan from a medical professional. They are levels one, two, and three.

Those who fall under level one are considered to be mild. They are categorized as having issues socially, with communication, and some behaviors. They don’t require substantial support, but they may have difficulties understanding social cues, maintaining meaningful relationships, and adapting to routine changes.

Level two starts the obvious deviation from the neurotypical representations of social and communication norms. People who fall under this level are considered moderate; they need substantial support in their daily lives and are more likely to participate in repetitive behaviors in public and private. They seem to stim a lot and socially isolate themselves.

People on level three require constant support and tend to be at high risk for discrimination, abuse, and neglect. They will have all the ailments of the first two levels and will have a harder time masking their stims, and discomfort, and will rarely verbally communicate their needs. Some people on this level may use an Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) device to communicate.

Call it a spectrum or a wheel, it still comes down to the individual's strengths, weaknesses, and levels of comfort. People on the spectrum–just like neurotypicals–should not be labeled as one thing or another. Giving grace, compassion, and understanding can lead to acceptance and, ultimately, seeing people beyond their labels.

Sources:“Autism Diagnostic Criteria: DSM-5.” Autism Speaks, www.autismspeaks.org/autism-diagnostic-criteria-dsm-5. Accessed 24 July 2024.Rudy, Lisa Jo. “Making Sense of the Three Levels of Autism.” Verywell Health, Verywell Health, 10 Jan. 2024, www.verywellhealth.com/what-are-the-three-levels-of-autism-260233.